CaThe American construction industry is experiencing an unprecedented labor crisis, with over 650,000 unfilled positions creating extraordinary opportunities for skilled workers worldwide. From entry-level laborers earning $32,000 annually with $55,000 relocation packages to experienced project managers commanding $125,000 salaries with $150,000 relocation benefits, the construction visa sponsorship program offers pathways for workers at every skill level. This comprehensive guide reveals how you can secure these life-changing opportunities, navigate the visa process, and build a prosperous future in the United States—regardless of whether you’re just starting your construction career or bringing decades of expertise.
Understanding the $55,000-$150,000 Relocation Package Range
Unlike other industries where compensation is relatively uniform, construction offers a wide spectrum of opportunities based on your experience, skills, and specialization. Understanding where you fit on this spectrum is the first step toward securing your American dream.
The Construction Compensation Pyramid
Entry Level: $55,000-$75,000 Total Packages
- Base salary: $32,000-$45,000 annually
- Relocation package: $23,000-$30,000
- Positions: General laborers, apprentice tradespeople, entry-level operators
- Experience required: 0-3 years
- Monthly take-home pay: $1,900-$2,700
Skilled Worker Level: $75,000-$110,000 Total Packages
- Base salary: $45,000-$68,000 annually
- Relocation package: $30,000-$42,000
- Positions: Journeyman electricians, plumbers, carpenters, equipment operators
- Experience required: 3-5 years
- Monthly take-home pay: $2,700-$4,100
Advanced Skilled Level: $110,000-$165,000 Total Packages
- Base salary: $68,000-$95,000 annually
- Relocation package: $42,000-$70,000
- Positions: Master tradespeople, specialized technicians, foremen
- Experience required: 5-8 years
- Monthly take-home pay: $4,100-$5,700
Professional/Management Level: $165,000-$275,000 Total Packages
- Base salary: $85,000-$125,000 annually
- Relocation package: $80,000-$150,000
- Positions: Project managers, engineers, superintendents, executives
- Experience required: 7-15+ years
- Monthly take-home pay: $5,100-$7,500
Why Such a Wide Range?
The construction industry values experience, certifications, and specialized skills differently than many other sectors. Here’s what determines your package value:
Experience Multiplier:
- 0-2 years: Base package ($55,000-$70,000 total)
- 3-5 years: +$20,000-$40,000 package value
- 6-10 years: +$40,000-$80,000 package value
- 10+ years: +$60,000-$120,000 package value
Certification Premium:
- Basic OSHA certification: +$2,000-$5,000
- Journeyman license: +$8,000-$15,000
- Master license: +$15,000-$30,000
- Professional certifications (PMP, PE): +$25,000-$50,000
Location Premium:
- Rural/standard markets: Base package
- Major cities: +$10,000-$25,000
- High-cost markets (NYC, SF, Boston): +$20,000-$40,000
- Remote locations (Alaska, North Dakota): +$25,000-$50,000
Specialization Premium:
- General construction: Base package
- Specialized trades (HVAC, electrical): +$8,000-$20,000
- High-demand specialties (welding, crane operation): +$12,000-$30,000
- Critical skills (underwater welding, BIM): +$20,000-$45,000
Breaking Down Packages by Experience Level
Entry-Level Packages: $55,000-$75,000 Total Value
If you’re new to construction or have limited experience, don’t be discouraged. The severe labor shortage means even entry-level workers can access visa sponsorship and relocation assistance.
Typical Entry-Level Package Breakdown:
Base Annual Salary: $32,000-$45,000
- Hourly rate: $15.38-$21.63
- Weekly pay (40 hours): $615-$865
- Monthly gross: $2,667-$3,750
- Monthly net (after taxes): $1,900-$2,700
Relocation Package Components: $23,000-$30,000
Housing Assistance: $9,000-$15,000 (First 6-12 months)
- Shared housing or studio apartment: $750-$1,250 monthly
- Duration: 6-12 months
- Total value: $4,500-$15,000
Transportation Support: $3,000-$6,000
- International flight: $1,200-$2,500
- Shipping of personal belongings: $800-$2,000
- Ground transportation: $300-$800
- Initial transportation allowance: $700-$1,200
Signing Bonus: $5,000-$10,000
- Paid in installments: 50% upon arrival ($2,500-$5,000), 50% after 6 months
Visa and Legal Fees: $3,000-$6,000
- All immigration costs covered by employer
- Attorney fees: $2,000-$4,000
- Application fees: $500-$1,200
- Medical examination: $300-$600
Settling-In Allowance: $2,000-$4,000
- Initial supplies and necessities
- Work boots and basic gear: $200-$400
- Household essentials: $800-$1,500
- Emergency fund: $1,000-$2,100
Healthcare Coverage: $3,000-$6,000 (Annual Value)
- Basic health insurance: $250-$500 monthly value
- Dental and vision: $50-$100 monthly value
Total First-Year Value: $55,000-$75,000
- Salary: $32,000-$45,000
- Relocation package: $23,000-$30,000
Entry-Level Positions:
Construction Laborer
- Salary: $32,000-$42,000
- Package: $23,000-$28,000
- Total: $55,000-$70,000
- Duties: Material handling, site cleanup, basic construction tasks
- Requirements: Physical fitness, willingness to learn, basic English
Apprentice Carpenter
- Salary: $35,000-$45,000
- Package: $24,000-$30,000
- Total: $59,000-$75,000
- Duties: Assisting carpenters, learning framing and finishing
- Requirements: 0-2 years experience, basic tool knowledge
Helper/Assistant Electrician
- Salary: $34,000-$44,000
- Package: $24,000-$29,000
- Total: $58,000-$73,000
- Duties: Assisting licensed electricians, pulling wire, basic installations
- Requirements: Basic electrical knowledge, willingness to pursue licensing
Equipment Operator Trainee
- Salary: $36,000-$46,000
- Package: $25,000-$30,000
- Total: $61,000-$76,000
- Duties: Operating basic equipment under supervision, learning advanced machinery
- Requirements: Valid driver’s license, mechanical aptitude
Reality Check for Entry-Level Workers:
Monthly Budget Example (Entry-Level Laborer, $38,000 salary, Medium-Cost City):
Income:
- Monthly gross: $3,167
- Monthly net (after taxes): $2,280
Expenses (First 6 Months with Housing Assistance):
- Housing: $0 (covered by package)
- Food: $300
- Transportation: $200 (bus pass or used car payment)
- Phone: $50
- Utilities: $80 (if not included in housing)
- Personal/Entertainment: $150
- Total Expenses: $780
Monthly Savings: $1,500
6-Month Savings: $9,000
Expenses (After Housing Assistance Ends):
- Housing: $900-$1,200
- Food: $300
- Transportation: $250
- Phone: $50
- Utilities: $120
- Personal/Entertainment: $150
- Total Expenses: $1,770-$2,070
Monthly Savings: $210-$510
Annual Savings (after first 6 months): $1,260-$3,060
Total First-Year Savings: $10,260-$12,060
This demonstrates that even entry-level workers can save meaningful amounts, especially during the housing assistance period. The key is living modestly and taking advantage of the relocation benefits.
Mid-Level Packages: $75,000-$110,000 Total Value
Workers with 3-5 years of experience and journeyman-level skills access significantly enhanced packages.
Typical Mid-Level Package Breakdown:
Base Annual Salary: $45,000-$68,000
- Hourly rate: $21.63-$32.69
- Weekly pay (40 hours): $865-$1,308
- Monthly gross: $3,750-$5,667
- Monthly net (after taxes): $2,700-$4,100
Relocation Package Components: $30,000-$42,000
Housing Assistance: $15,000-$24,000 (First 12 months)
- One-bedroom apartment: $1,250-$2,000 monthly
- Duration: 12 months
- Total value: $15,000-$24,000
Transportation Support: $5,000-$8,000
- International flight for family: $2,000-$3,500
- Shipping of household goods: $2,000-$3,500
- Vehicle allowance or assistance: $1,000-$2,000
Signing Bonus: $8,000-$15,000
- Paid in installments: 50% upon arrival, 25% at 6 months, 25% at 12 months
Visa and Legal Fees: $4,000-$8,000
- All immigration costs for worker and immediate family
- Attorney fees: $3,000-$5,000
- Application fees: $800-$2,000
- Medical examinations: $500-$1,200
Professional Development: $2,000-$5,000
- U.S. licensing exam fees: $500-$1,200
- OSHA certifications: $300-$800
- Trade-specific training: $1,200-$3,000
Settling-In Allowance: $3,000-$6,000
- Furniture and household setup: $1,500-$3,000
- Work tools and equipment: $500-$1,200
- Emergency fund: $1,000-$1,800
Healthcare Coverage: $6,000-$9,000 (Annual Value)
- Comprehensive health insurance: $400-$650 monthly value
- Family coverage: $500-$750 monthly value
Total First-Year Value: $75,000-$110,000
- Salary: $45,000-$68,000
- Relocation package: $30,000-$42,000
Mid-Level Positions:
Journeyman Electrician
- Salary: $52,000-$72,000
- Package: $32,000-$42,000
- Total: $84,000-$114,000
- Duties: Installing electrical systems, troubleshooting, supervising helpers
- Requirements: Journeyman license, 4-6 years experience, NEC knowledge
Journeyman Plumber
- Salary: $48,000-$68,000
- Package: $30,000-$40,000
- Total: $78,000-$108,000
- Duties: Installing plumbing systems, repairs, reading blueprints
- Requirements: Journeyman license, 4-6 years experience
Carpenter (Experienced)
- Salary: $46,000-$65,000
- Package: $28,000-$38,000
- Total: $74,000-$103,000
- Duties: Framing, finishing, custom carpentry
- Requirements: 4-6 years experience, ability to read plans
HVAC Technician
- Salary: $50,000-$70,000
- Package: $30,000-$42,000
- Total: $80,000-$112,000
- Duties: Installing and servicing HVAC systems
- Requirements: EPA 608 certification, 4-6 years experience
Heavy Equipment Operator
- Salary: $48,000-$68,000
- Package: $30,000-$40,000
- Total: $78,000-$108,000
- Duties: Operating excavators, bulldozers, loaders
- Requirements: Multiple equipment certifications, 4-6 years experience
Welder
- Salary: $50,000-$70,000
- Package: $30,000-$42,000
- Total: $80,000-$112,000
- Duties: Structural welding, pipe welding, fabrication
- Requirements: AWS certifications, 4-6 years experience, multiple processes
Monthly Budget Example (Journeyman Electrician, $62,000 salary, Medium-Cost City):
Income:
- Monthly gross: $5,167
- Monthly net (after taxes): $3,720
Expenses (First 12 Months with Housing Assistance):
- Housing: $0 (covered)
- Food (family of 3): $600
- Transportation: $400 (car payment and insurance)
- Phone/Internet: $120
- Utilities: $150
- Personal/Entertainment: $250
- Savings: $2,200
- Total: $3,720
12-Month Savings: $26,400
Expenses (After Housing Assistance):
- Housing: $1,500
- Food: $600
- Transportation: $400
- Phone/Internet: $120
- Utilities: $150
- Personal/Entertainment: $250
- Total Expenses: $3,020
Monthly Savings: $700
Annual Savings (years 2+): $8,400
Total First-Year Savings: $26,400
Total Two-Year Savings: $34,800
This level of savings allows for down payment on a home, vehicle purchase, or significant emergency fund.
Advanced Skilled Packages: $110,000-$165,000 Total Value
Workers with 5-8 years of experience, master licenses, and specialized skills command premium packages.
Typical Advanced Package Breakdown:
Base Annual Salary: $68,000-$95,000
- Hourly rate: $32.69-$45.67
- Weekly pay (40 hours): $1,308-$1,827
- Monthly gross: $5,667-$7,917
- Monthly net (after taxes): $4,100-$5,700
Relocation Package Components: $42,000-$70,000
Housing Assistance: $24,000-$42,000 (First 12-18 months)
- Two-bedroom apartment or house: $2,000-$3,500 monthly
- Duration: 12-18 months
- Total value: $24,000-$63,000
Transportation Support: $8,000-$15,000
- International flight for family: $2,500-$4,500
- Full container shipping: $3,500-$7,000
- Vehicle allowance or company vehicle: $2,000-$5,000
Signing Bonus: $15,000-$25,000
- Structured payments over first year
Visa and Legal Fees: $6,000-$12,000
- Comprehensive immigration support for family
- Premium processing options
- Credential evaluation services
Professional Development: $4,000-$8,000
- Master license exam preparation: $1,000-$2,000
- Advanced certifications: $1,500-$3,000
- Continuing education: $1,500-$3,000
Family Support: $5,000-$12,000
- School enrollment assistance: $2,000-$5,000
- Spouse job placement services: $2,000-$4,000
- Cultural orientation: $1,000-$3,000
Healthcare Coverage: $9,000-$15,000 (Annual Value)
- Premium family health insurance: $750-$1,250 monthly value
Total First-Year Value: $110,000-$165,000
- Salary: $68,000-$95,000
- Relocation package: $42,000-$70,000
Advanced Skilled Positions:
Master Electrician
- Salary: $72,000-$95,000
- Package: $42,000-$65,000
- Total: $114,000-$160,000
- Duties: Complex installations, supervision, code compliance
- Requirements: Master license, 7-10 years experience
Master Plumber
- Salary: $68,000-$92,000
- Package: $40,000-$62,000
- Total: $108,000-$154,000
- Duties: System design, supervision, commercial work
- Requirements: Master license, 7-10 years experience
Electrical Foreman
- Salary: $70,000-$92,000
- Package: $42,000-$64,000
- Total: $112,000-$156,000
- Duties: Crew supervision, project coordination, quality control
- Requirements: Master license, 6-8 years experience, leadership skills
HVAC Master Technician
- Salary: $68,000-$90,000
- Package: $40,000-$62,000
- Total: $108,000-$152,000
- Duties: Commercial systems, supervision, troubleshooting
- Requirements: Master license, EPA Universal, 7-10 years experience
Specialized Welder (Underwater/Pipeline)
- Salary: $75,000-$98,000
- Package: $45,000-$68,000
- Total: $120,000-$166,000
- Duties: Specialized welding in challenging environments
- Requirements: Advanced certifications, 6-10 years experience
Crane Operator (Certified)
- Salary: $70,000-$95,000
- Package: $42,000-$65,000
- Total: $112,000-$160,000
- Duties: Operating tower cranes, mobile cranes
- Requirements: NCCCO certification, 6-10 years experience
Construction Foreman
- Salary: $68,000-$90,000
- Package: $40,000-$62,000
- Total: $108,000-$152,000
- Duties: Crew supervision, scheduling, quality assurance
- Requirements: 7-10 years experience, multiple trade knowledge
Monthly Budget Example (Master Electrician, $82,000 salary, High-Cost City):
Income:
- Monthly gross: $6,833
- Monthly net (after taxes): $4,920
Expenses (First 18 Months with Housing Assistance):
- Housing: $0 (covered, value $3,000)
- Food (family of 4): $800
- Transportation: $550 (two vehicles)
- Phone/Internet: $150
- Utilities: $200
- Insurance (life, etc.): $150
- Personal/Entertainment: $350
- Children’s activities: $200
- Savings: $2,520
- Total: $4,920
18-Month Savings: $45,360
Expenses (After Housing Assistance):
- Housing: $3,000
- Food: $800
- Transportation: $550
- Phone/Internet: $150
- Utilities: $200
- Insurance: $150
- Personal/Entertainment: $350
- Children’s activities: $200
- Total Expenses: $5,400
Monthly Deficit: -$480 (requires salary increase or overtime)
With Overtime (10 hours weekly at time-and-a-half):
- Additional monthly income: $1,270
- New monthly net: $6,190
- Monthly Savings: $790
Total First-Year Savings: $45,360
Total Two-Year Savings: $54,840
This demonstrates the importance of the housing assistance period for building substantial savings, especially in high-cost markets.
Professional/Management Packages: $165,000-$275,000 Total Value
Experienced professionals and managers with 7-15+ years of experience access the highest-tier packages.
Typical Professional Package Breakdown:
Base Annual Salary: $85,000-$125,000
- Monthly gross: $7,083-$10,417
- Monthly net (after taxes): $5,100-$7,500
Relocation Package Components: $80,000-$150,000
Housing Assistance: $36,000-$72,000 (First 12-24 months)
- Three-bedroom house or premium apartment: $3,000-$6,000 monthly
- Duration: 12-24 months
Transportation: $12,000-$25,000
- Family flights: $3,000-$6,000
- Full container shipping: $5,000-$10,000
- Company vehicle or allowance: $4,000-$12,000
Signing Bonus: $25,000-$40,000
- Structured over first 12 months
Visa and Legal Fees: $8,000-$18,000
- Comprehensive family immigration support
- Premium processing
- Credential evaluation and licensing support
Professional Development: $5,000-$15,000
- Advanced certifications (PMP, PE)
- Conference attendance
- Continuing education
Family Support: $10,000-$25,000
- Private school tuition assistance: $5,000-$15,000
- Spouse career services: $3,000-$7,000
- Cultural integration: $2,000-$5,000
Healthcare Coverage: $12,000-$24,000 (Annual Value)
- Premium family health insurance
Performance Bonuses: $8,500-$18,750 (10-15% of base)
- Annual performance incentives
Total First-Year Value: $165,000-$275,000
- Salary: $85,000-$125,000
- Relocation package: $80,000-$150,000
Professional/Management Positions:
Construction Project Manager
- Salary: $85,000-$125,000
- Package: $80,000-$150,000
- Total: $165,000-$275,000
- Duties: Project oversight, budget management, client relations
- Requirements: Bachelor’s degree, PMP preferred, 7-12 years experience
Construction Superintendent
- Salary: $78,000-$115,000
- Package: $75,000-$140,000
- Total: $153,000-$255,000
- Duties: On-site management, subcontractor coordination, safety
- Requirements: 8-15 years experience, OSHA 30, leadership skills
Structural Engineer (PE)
- Salary: $82,000-$120,000
- Package: $78,000-$145,000
- Total: $160,000-$265,000
- Duties: Structural design, analysis, code compliance
- Requirements: PE license, 6-10 years experience, design software proficiency
Estimator/Cost Engineer
- Salary: $75,000-$110,000
- Package: $70,000-$130,000
- Total: $145,000-$240,000
- Duties: Cost estimation, bid preparation, value engineering
- Requirements: Bachelor’s degree, 6-10 years experience, estimating software
Safety Manager
- Salary: $72,000-$105,000
- Package: $68,000-$125,000
- Total: $140,000-$230,000
- Duties: Safety program management, OSHA compliance, training
- Requirements: CSP or CHST certification, 6-10 years experience
BIM Manager/Coordinator
- Salary: $78,000-$115,000
- Package: $72,000-$135,000
- Total: $150,000-$250,000
- Duties: BIM implementation, 3D modeling coordination, technology integration
- Requirements: Revit/BIM expertise, 6-10 years experience
Visa Pathways Across All Package Levels
Different visa types serve different experience levels and package ranges.
H-2B Visa: Entry to Mid-Level Workers
Best For: Entry-level to skilled workers ($55,000-$110,000 packages)
Eligible Positions:
- Construction laborers: $55,000-$70,000 total
- Apprentice tradespeople: $59,000-$75,000 total
- Journeyman tradespeople: $78,000-$114,000 total
- Equipment operators: $78,000-$108,000 total
Salary Range: $32,000-$68,000 annually
Package Range: $23,000-$42,000
Processing Time: 2-6 months
Visa Duration: Up to 3 years (1-year increments)
Costs (Employer-Covered):
- Labor certification: $100-$500
- I-129 petition: $460
- Visa application: $190 per person
- Medical exam: $150-$500 per person
- Total: $900-$1,650 per worker
Advantages:
- Relatively fast processing
- Available for non-professional positions
- Can bring immediate family
- Pathway to EB-3 while working
Limitations:
- Temporary (must eventually transition or return)
- Tied to specific employer
- Annual cap (66,000 visas)
Financial Example:
- Year 1: H-2B laborer earning $38,000 + $25,000 package = $63,000
- Year 2: Promoted to skilled worker earning $48,000 = $48,000
- Year 3: EB-3 approved, earning $52,000 + green card = $52,000
- Total 3-Year Value: $163,000
EB-3 Visa: All Levels (Permanent Residency)
Best For: All experience levels seeking permanent residency ($55,000-$275,000 packages)
Eligible Positions:
- Unskilled workers: $55,000-$75,000 total
- Skilled workers: $75,000-$165,000 total
- Professionals: $165,000-$275,000 total
Salary Range: $28,000-$125,000 annually
Package Range: $27,000-$150,000
Processing Time: 2-4 years
Visa Duration: Permanent (green card)
Costs (Employer-Covered):
- PERM labor certification: $2,000-$5,000
- I-140 petition: $700
- I-485 adjustment or consular processing: $1,140-$1,500 per person
- Attorney fees: $5,000-$12,000
- Medical exams: $300-$700 per person
- Total: $9,140-$20,000 per family
Advantages:
- Permanent residency (green card)
- Can change employers after green card
- Family receives green cards
- Pathway to citizenship after 5 years
- Available for all skill levels
Limitations:
- Long processing time (2-4 years)
- Requires labor certification
- Country-specific backlogs
Financial Example (Skilled Worker):
- Year 1-2: H-2B earning $55,000 annually = $110,000
- Year 3: EB-3 approved, earning $62,000 + $35,000 package = $97,000
- Year 4-5: Earning $68,000 annually = $136,000
- Total 5-Year Value: $343,000
- Plus: Permanent residency worth $500,000+ lifetime value
TN Visa: Canadian/Mexican Professionals
Best For: Professional-level Canadian/Mexican citizens ($145,000-$270,000 packages)
Eligible Positions:
- Engineers: $160,000-$265,000 total
- Architects: $150,000-$245,000 total
- Land surveyors: $145,000-$230,000 total
Salary Range: $70,000-$120,000 annually
Package Range: $75,000-$150,000
Processing Time: 1-4 weeks
Visa Duration: 3 years (unlimited renewals)
Costs:
- Application fee: $50-$160
- Attorney fees (optional): $1,500-$3,500
- Total: $50-$3,660
Advantages:
- Extremely fast processing
- Low cost
- Unlimited renewals
- Can pursue green card
Limitations:
- Only for Canadian/Mexican citizens
- Only professional positions
- Requires bachelor’s degree or license
Financial Example:
- Year 1: Structural engineer earning $95,000 + $140,000 package = $235,000
- Year 2-3: Earning $105,000 annually = $210,000
- Total 3-Year Value: $445,000
L-1 Visa: Intracompany Transfers
Best For: Experienced workers with international companies ($210,000-$300,000 packages)
Eligible Positions:
- Managers (L-1A): $230,000-$300,000 total
- Specialized knowledge workers (L-1B): $210,000-$270,000 total
Salary Range: $75,000-$150,000 annually
Package Range: $135,000-$150,000
Processing Time: 2-5 months
Visa Duration: Up to 7 years (L-1A) or 5 years (L-1B)
Costs (Employer-Covered):
- I-129 petition: $460
- Fraud prevention fee: $500
- Premium processing: $2,500 (optional)
- Attorney fees: $3,000-$7,000
- Total: $6,460-$10,460
Advantages:
- Fast processing
- Spouse can work (L-2 EAD)
- Dual intent (can pursue green card)
- Premium packages
Limitations:
- Must work for company abroad first (1+ year)
- Company must have qualifying relationship
Financial Example:
- Year 1: Project manager earning $110,000 + $145,000 package = $255,000
- Year 2-3: Earning $120,000 annually = $240,000
- Total 3-Year Value: $495,000
- Plus: Spouse earning $45,000 annually = $135,000
- Combined 3-Year Value: $630,000
Step-by-Step Guide for Every Experience Level
For Entry-Level Workers (0-3 Years Experience)
Step 1: Build Foundational Skills (Months 1-3)
Even with minimal experience, you can make yourself more attractive to sponsors:
Obtain Basic Certifications:
- OSHA 10-hour safety training: $50-$100 (online)
- First Aid/CPR: $50-$100
- Forklift certification: $150-$300
- Basic trade introduction courses: $200-$500
Investment: $450-$1,000
Package Value Increase: $2,000-$5,000
Improve English:
- Target IELTS 5.5-6.0 minimum
- Free resources: Duolingo, YouTube, BBC Learning English
- Paid courses: $200-$800 for 3 months
Investment: $0-$800
Package Value Increase: $3,000-$8,000
Gain Relevant Experience:
- Work on any construction project
- Document all tasks and responsibilities
- Learn to read basic blueprints
- Familiarize yourself with tools and equipment
Investment: Time only
Package Value Increase: $5,000-$10,000
Total Investment: $450-$2,300
Total Package Increase: $10,000-$23,000
ROI: 334-1,000%
Step 2: Create Entry-Level Application Package (Month 4)
Resume:
- Emphasize physical fitness and stamina
- Highlight any construction experience (even 6 months)
- List all certifications prominently
- Include willingness to work overtime and weekends
- Mention long-term career commitment
Cover Letter:
- Express enthusiasm for learning
- Emphasize reliability and work ethic
- Mention willingness to start at entry level
- Highlight long-term goals in construction
Supporting Documents:
- Copies of all certifications
- Reference letters from any construction employers
- Photos of projects you’ve worked on
- English proficiency test results
Investment: $100-$300 for professional resume help (optional)
Step 3: Target Entry-Level Friendly Employers (Months 5-8)
Companies Known for Entry-Level Sponsorship:
- Large national contractors with training programs
- Residential construction companies in growing markets
- Infrastructure contractors with government projects
- Union contractors with apprenticeship programs
Application Strategy:
- Apply to 30-50 positions over 3-4 months
- Focus on companies in labor-shortage states (Texas, Florida, Arizona, Nevada)
- Target positions explicitly mentioning “no experience required” or “will train”
- Apply through multiple channels (company website, Indeed, agencies)
Investment: $0-$100 for premium job board access
Step 4: Interview Preparation (Months 7-9)
Key Messages for Entry-Level Interviews:
- “I’m committed to building a long-term career in construction”
- “I’m willing to start at any level and work my way up”
- “I’m physically fit and ready for demanding work”
- “I’m eager to learn from experienced professionals”
- “I understand this is a 5-10 year commitment, and I’m ready for that”
Practice Questions:
- Why do you want to work in construction?
- What do you know about our company?
- Are you comfortable with physical labor in all weather conditions?
- How do you handle taking direction from supervisors?
- What are your long-term career goals?
Investment: $0-$200 for interview coaching
Step 5: Negotiate Entry-Level Package (Month 10)
Even at entry level, you can negotiate:
Standard Entry-Level Offer:
- Salary: $35,000
- Package: $24,000
- Total: $59,000
Negotiation Points:
- Request 12 months housing instead of 6 months (+$4,500-$7,500 value)
- Request tool allowance ($500-$1,000)
- Request certification reimbursement ($500-$1,000)
- Request clear advancement timeline
Optimized Offer:
- Salary: $36,000 (small increase)
- Package: $28,000 (extended housing + tools)
- Total: $64,000
Gain: $5,000 through negotiation
Step 6: Visa Processing and Arrival (Months 11-16)
H-2B Timeline:
- Employer files petition: Month 11
- USCIS approval: Month 13-14
- Visa interview: Month 15
- Arrival in U.S.: Month 16
Preparation:
- Save $1,000-$2,000 for initial expenses
- Arrange temporary accommodation
- Research your destination city
- Prepare family for transition
Step 7: First Year Success Strategy
Months 1-3:
- Prove reliability (perfect attendance)
- Learn quickly and ask questions
- Volunteer for overtime
- Build relationships with supervisors
Months 4-6:
- Request additional training
- Begin studying for trade certifications
- Save aggressively (target $5,000-$8,000)
- Receive first signing bonus installment
Months 7-12:
- Pursue journeyman apprenticeship
- Request wage increase ($2,000-$4,000)
- Continue saving (target $10,000-$15,000 total)
- Discuss EB-3 sponsorship with employer
Year 1 Financial Outcome:
- Salary earned: $36,000
- Signing bonus: $7,000
- Relocation benefits used: $28,000
- Savings: $12,000
- Total first-year value: $83,000
Year 2-3 Progression:
- Promoted to skilled worker: $48,000 salary
- EB-3 petition filed
- Additional certifications obtained
- Year 2-3 earnings: $96,000
- Total 3-year value: $179,000
For Mid-Level Workers (3-5 Years Experience)
Step 1: Credential Enhancement (Months 1-4)
Obtain Journeyman License:
- Study for licensing exam: $200-$500 for materials
- Exam fees: $200-$400
- Total investment: $400-$900
- Package value increase: $8,000-$15,000
Advanced Certifications:
- OSHA 30-hour: $150-$300
- Trade-specific certifications: $500-$1,500
- Total investment: $650-$1,800
- Package value increase: $5,000-$12,000
English Proficiency:
- Target IELTS 6.5-7.0
- Investment: $300-$1,000
- Package value increase: $5,000-$10,000
Total Investment: $1,350-$3,700
Total Package Increase: $18,000-$37,000
ROI: 900-1,333%
Step 2: Build Professional Portfolio (Month 5)
Document Major Projects:
- Create portfolio with photos and descriptions
- Quantify your contributions (“Installed 500+ electrical outlets,” “Completed project 2 weeks ahead of schedule”)
- Gather reference letters from supervisors
- Create project list with values and your role
Investment: $100-$300 for portfolio design
Step 3: Strategic Applications (Months 6-10)
Target Mid-Level Positions:
- Journeyman electrician, plumber, carpenter
- HVAC technician
- Equipment operator
- Welder
Application Volume:
- Apply to 20-30 positions over 4-5 months
- Focus on quality applications
- Customize each resume and cover letter
Investment: $0-$150 for job board access
Step 4: Interview Excellence (Months 9-12)
Key Messages:
- Emphasize 3-5 years of hands-on experience
- Highlight specific projects and achievements
- Demonstrate technical knowledge
- Show leadership potential
- Express long-term commitment
Salary Expectations:
- Research market rates: $48,000-$72,000 for your trade
- Know your minimum acceptable offer
- Be prepared to justify your value
Investment: $100-$400 for interview coaching
Step 5: Package Negotiation (Month 13)
Standard Mid-Level Offer:
- Salary: $58,000
- Package: $35,000
- Total: $93,000
Negotiation Strategy:
- Request salary increase to $62,000 (+$4,000)
- Request 18-month housing instead of 12 (+$10,000-$15,000)
- Request professional development budget ($3,000-$5,000)
- Request family support services ($3,000-$6,000)
Optimized Offer:
- Salary: $62,000
- Package: $45,000
- Total: $107,000
Gain: $14,000 through negotiation
Step 6: First Year Financial Strategy
Income:
- Monthly salary: $5,167 gross ($3,720 net)
- Signing bonus (year 1): $12,000
- Total year 1 income: $56,640
Expenses (with housing assistance):
- Housing: $0 (covered)
- Other expenses: $1,500 monthly
- Total expenses: $18,000
Year 1 Savings: $38,640
This substantial savings allows:
- Emergency fund: $10,000
- Vehicle down payment: $8,000
- Home down payment fund: $15,000
- Investment/retirement: $5,640
For Advanced Skilled Workers (5-8 Years Experience)
Step 1: Master-Level Credentials (Months 1-6)
Obtain Master License:
- Study and exam preparation: $500-$1,500
- Exam fees: $300-$800
- Total investment: $800-$2,300
- Package value increase: $15,000-$30,000
Specialized Certifications:
- Advanced trade certifications: $1,000-$3,000
- Safety certifications: $500-$1,200
- Total investment: $1,500-$4,200
- Package value increase: $10,000-$20,000
Total Investment: $2,300-$6,500
Total Package Increase: $25,000-$50,000
ROI: 769-1,087%
Step 2: Leadership Documentation (Month 7)
Demonstrate Leadership:
- Document supervisory experience
- Quantify team size and project values
- Highlight training and mentoring experience
- Showcase problem-solving examples
Investment: $200-$500 for professional portfolio
Step 3: Target Premium Employers (Months 8-12)
Focus on:
- Large national contractors
- Specialized trade contractors
- High-cost markets (higher packages)
- Remote locations (premium packages)
Application Strategy:
- Apply to 15-25 positions
- Target master-level and foreman positions
- Emphasize leadership and expertise
Investment: $0-$200
Step 4: Advanced Negotiation (Month 13)
Standard Advanced Offer:
- Salary: $78,000
- Package: $50,000
- Total: $128,000
Negotiation Strategy:
- Request salary increase to $85,000 (+$7,000)
- Request 18-month housing (+$12,000-$18,000)
- Request family support package ($8,000-$12,000)
- Request performance bonus structure (10-15% of salary)
Optimized Offer:
- Salary: $85,000
- Package: $65,000
- Performance bonus potential: $8,500-$12,750
- Total: $158,500-$162,750
Gain: $30,500-$34,750 through negotiation
Step 5: Wealth Building Strategy
Year 1:
- Salary: $85,000
- Signing bonus: $20,000
- Total income: $105,000
- Net income: $75,600
- Expenses (with housing): $24,000
- Savings: $51,600
Year 2:
- Salary: $88,000 (3% raise)
- Performance bonus: $10,000
- Total income: $98,000
- Net income: $70,560
- Expenses (housing now $3,000/month): $60,000
- Savings: $10,560
Year 3:
- Salary: $92,000
- Performance bonus: $11,000
- Total income: $103,000
- Net income: $74,160
- Expenses: $60,000
- Savings: $14,160
Total 3-Year Savings: $76,320
Wealth Building Actions:
- Home down payment: $40,000 (20% on $200,000 home)
- Emergency fund: $15,000
- Retirement account: $15,000
- Investment account: $6,320
For Professional/Management Level (7-15+ Years)
Step 1: Premium Credentials (Months 1-6)
Advanced Certifications:
- PMP certification: $1,500-$2,500
- PE license: $500-$1,500
- LEED certification: $400-$1,200
- Total investment: $2,400-$5,200
- Package value increase: $30,000-$60,000
Total Investment: $2,400-$5,200
Total Package Increase: $30,000-$60,000
ROI: 1,154-2,400%
Step 2: Executive Portfolio (Month 7)
Showcase Leadership:
- Major projects managed ($10M+ value)
- Team sizes supervised (10-50+ people)
- Budget management experience
- Client relationship management
- P&L responsibility
Investment: $300-$800 for executive resume and portfolio
Step 3: Target Top-Tier Employers (Months 8-12)
Focus on:
- Top 100 construction companies
- Major infrastructure projects
- High-cost markets
- Remote/challenging locations
Application Strategy:
- Apply to 10-20 positions (quality over quantity)
- Leverage professional network
- Work with executive recruiters
Investment: $0-$300 for LinkedIn Premium
Step 4: Executive Negotiation (Month 13)
Standard Professional Offer:
- Salary: $105,000
- Package: $120,000
- Total: $225,000
Negotiation Strategy:
- Request salary increase to $115,000 (+$10,000)
- Request 24-month housing (+$18,000-$36,000)
- Request comprehensive family support ($15,000-$25,000)
- Request performance bonus (15-20% of salary)
- Request equity or profit-sharing
Optimized Offer:
- Salary: $115,000
- Package: $145,000
- Performance bonus potential: $17,250-$23,000
- Total: $277,250-$283,000
Gain: $52,250-$58,000 through negotiation
Step 5: Wealth Acceleration Strategy
Year 1:
- Salary: $115,000
- Signing bonus: $35,000
- Total income: $150,000
- Net income: $108,000
- Expenses (with housing): $36,000
- Savings: $72,000
Year 2:
- Salary: $120,000
- Performance bonus: $20,000
- Total income: $140,000
- Net income: $100,800
- Expenses (housing now $4,500/month): $90,000
- Savings: $10,800
Year 3:
- Salary: $126,000
- Performance bonus: $22,000
- Total income: $148,000
- Net income: $106,560
- Expenses: $90,000
- Savings: $16,560
Total 3-Year Savings: $99,360
Wealth Building Actions:
- Home down payment: $60,000 (20% on $300,000 home)
- Emergency fund: $20,000
- Retirement (401k max): $19,500
- Investment account: $0 (used for home)
Year 4-5 (After Home Purchase):
- Annual savings: $15,000-$20,000
- Home equity accumulation: $15,000-$20,000 annually
- Retirement contributions: $19,500 annually
- Total annual wealth building: $49,500-$59,500
Regional Opportunities Across All Levels
Texas: High Volume, All Levels
Why Texas:
- Massive construction boom (Austin, Dallas, Houston, San Antonio)
- No state income tax (8-10% more take-home pay)
- Moderate cost of living
- Year-round construction season
- Opportunities at all experience levels
Package Ranges by Level:
- Entry-level: $55,000-$70,000
- Mid-level: $75,000-$105,000
- Advanced: $110,000-$150,000
- Professional: $165,000-$240,000
Cost of Living:
- Housing: $900-$1,800 monthly
- Overall: 8-12% below national average
Net Financial Advantage:
- No state income tax saves $2,500-$10,000 annually
- Lower housing costs save $3,000-$12,000 annually
- Total annual advantage: $5,500-$22,000
Best For: All experience levels, especially those prioritizing savings
Florida: Tourism and Residential Construction
Why Florida:
- Booming residential and tourism construction
- No state income tax
- Warm climate (year-round work)
- Growing population driving demand
- Opportunities at all levels
Package Ranges by Level:
- Entry-level: $56,000-$72,000
- Mid-level: $76,000-$108,000
- Advanced: $112,000-$155,000
- Professional: $168,000-$245,000
Cost of Living:
- Housing: $1,200-$2,200 monthly
- Overall: 2-6% below national average
Net Financial Advantage:
- No state income tax saves $2,500-$10,000 annually
- Total annual advantage: $2,500-$10,000
Best For: All levels, especially those seeking warm climate
California: Highest Packages, Highest Costs
Why California:
- Highest construction wages in nation
- Massive infrastructure and tech campus projects
- Strong union presence
- Premium relocation packages
Package Ranges by Level:
- Entry-level: $62,000-$82,000
- Mid-level: $88,000-$125,000
- Advanced: $128,000-$175,000
- Professional: $185,000-$275,000
Cost of Living:
- Housing: $2,200-$4,500 monthly
- Overall: 35-50% above national average
Net Financial Challenge:
- High state income tax costs $2,500-$12,000 annually
- High housing costs $12,000-$30,000 more annually
- Total annual disadvantage: $14,500-$42,000
However:
- Higher salaries offset costs for advanced/professional levels
- Excellent career advancement opportunities
- Strong worker protections
Best For: Advanced and professional levels who can leverage high salaries
Alaska: Premium Packages, Remote Living
Why Alaska:
- Severe labor shortage
- Oil and gas infrastructure
- Remote location premiums
- Highest packages for all levels
Package Ranges by Level:
- Entry-level: $68,000-$88,000
- Mid-level: $92,000-$130,000
- Advanced: $135,000-$180,000
- Professional: $190,000-$275,000
Cost of Living:
- Housing: Often employer-provided
- Groceries: 30-50% above national average
- Overall: 25-35% above national average (but housing often covered)
Net Financial Advantage:
- No state income tax saves $2,500-$10,000 annually
- Employer-covered housing saves $18,000-$42,000 annually
- Remote location premium: $5,000-$18,000 annually
- Total annual advantage: $25,500-$70,000
Best For: All levels willing to embrace remote living and save aggressively
North Dakota: Oil Field Construction
Why North Dakota:
- Oil and gas construction boom
- Severe labor shortage
- Premium packages with per diem
- Rotation schedules (2-3 weeks on, 1-2 weeks off)
Package Ranges by Level:
- Entry-level: $70,000-$90,000
- Mid-level: $95,000-$135,000
- Advanced: $140,000-$185,000
- Professional: $195,000-$270,000
Cost of Living:
- Housing: Often employer-provided (man camps)
- Per diem: $50-$100 daily ($13,000-$26,000 annually)
- Minimal expenses due to remote location
Net Financial Advantage:
- Employer-covered housing saves $18,000-$30,000 annually
- Per diem adds $13,000-$26,000 annually
- Minimal living expenses enable 50-70% savings rate
- Total annual advantage: $31,000-$56,000
Best For: All levels seeking maximum savings, comfortable with rotation schedules
New York: Union Wages, High Costs
Why New York:
- Massive infrastructure projects
- Strong union presence (high wages)
- Premium packages for experienced workers
- Excellent career advancement
Package Ranges by Level:
- Entry-level: $60,000-$78,000
- Mid-level: $82,000-$118,000
- Advanced: $122,000-$168,000
- Professional: $175,000-$265,000
Cost of Living:
- Housing: $2,000-$5,000 monthly
- Overall: 30-45% above national average
Net Financial Challenge:
- High state/city income tax costs $3,000-$12,000 annually
- High housing costs $12,000-$36,000 more annually
- Total annual disadvantage: $15,000-$48,000
However:
- Union benefits (pension, healthcare) worth $10,000-$25,000 annually
- Excellent training and advancement
- Strong worker protections
Best For: Mid to professional levels seeking union benefits and career growth
Maximizing Your Package Value Regardless of Level
Strategy 1: Extend Housing Assistance Duration
Applicable to: All levels
Standard Offers:
- Entry-level: 6-12 months housing
- Mid-level: 12 months housing
- Advanced: 12-18 months housing
- Professional: 12-24 months housing
Negotiation Approach:
“The housing assistance is incredibly valuable for my successful transition. Would it be possible to extend the duration by 6 months? This would allow me to establish credit, save for a permanent housing down payment, and make the best long-term decision for my family.”
Success Rate: 60-75% across all levels
Value Added:
- Entry-level: +$4,500-$7,500
- Mid-level: +$7,500-$12,000
- Advanced: +$12,000-$21,000
- Professional: +$18,000-$36,000
Strategy 2: Request Performance-Based Bonuses
Applicable to: All levels
Standard Offers:
- Entry-level: Usually no performance bonus
- Mid-level: 3-5% of salary
- Advanced: 5-8% of salary
- Professional: 10-15% of salary
Negotiation Approach:
“I’m confident in my ability to exceed expectations. Could we establish a performance bonus structure tied to [productivity/safety/quality metrics]? I’d like my compensation to reflect my contributions to the company’s success.”
Success Rate: 70-85% across all levels
Value Added (Annual):
- Entry-level: +$1,500-$3,000 (5% of $30,000-$60,000)
- Mid-level: +$3,000-$5,000 (5-8% increase from 3-5% to 8-13%)
- Advanced: +$4,000-$8,000 (5-8% increase from 5-8% to 10-16%)
- Professional: +$5,000-$10,000 (5% increase from 10-15% to 15-20%)
Strategy 3: Negotiate Tool/Equipment Allowances
Applicable to: Entry to advanced levels
Standard Offers:
- Entry-level: Usually no tool allowance
- Mid-level: $500-$1,000 one-time
- Advanced: $1,000-$2,000 one-time
Negotiation Approach:
“To perform at my best, I’ll need quality tools and equipment. Could the package include a tool allowance of [amount],plusanannualmaintenance/replacementbudgetof[amount]?”
Success Rate: 75-90% for skilled trades
Value Added:
- Entry-level: +$500-$1,000 initial, +$200-$400 annual
- Mid-level: +$500-$1,000 additional initial, +$300-$600 annual
- Advanced: +$1,000-$2,000 additional initial, +$500-$1,000 annual
5-Year Value:
- Entry-level: $1,500-$2,600
- Mid-level: $2,000-$4,000
- Advanced: $3,500-$7,000
Strategy 4: Secure Professional Development Budget
Applicable to: All levels
Standard Offers:
- Entry-level: $500-$1,500 one-time
- Mid-level: $2,000-$4,000 one-time
- Advanced: $4,000-$8,000 one-time
- Professional: $5,000-$15,000 annual
Negotiation Approach:
“I’m committed to continuous improvement and staying current with industry best practices. Could we establish an annual professional development budget of $[amount] for certifications, training, and conferences?”
Success Rate: 80-95% across all levels
Value Added (Annual):
- Entry-level: +$1,000-$2,000 (convert to annual budget)
- Mid-level: +$2,000-$4,000 (convert to annual budget)
- Advanced: +$3,000-$6,000 (convert to annual budget)
- Professional: +$3,000-$8,000 (increase annual budget)
Long-Term Value:
- Additional certifications increase salary by $3,000-$15,000 annually
- Accelerates promotions by 6-18 months
- Lifetime earnings increase: $50,000-$300,000
Strategy 5: Negotiate Family Support Services
Applicable to: Mid-level and above with families
Standard Offers:
- Mid-level: $3,000-$6,000
- Advanced: $5,000-$12,000
- Professional: $10,000-$25,000
Negotiation Approach:
“My family’s successful transition is critical to my long-term commitment. Could the package include comprehensive family support including [school enrollment assistance, spouse job placement services, cultural orientation]?”
Success Rate: 65-80% for workers with families
Value Added:
- Mid-level: +$3,000-$6,000
- Advanced: +$5,000-$10,000
- Professional: +$8,000-$15,000
Indirect Value:
- Spouse employment adds $25,000-$75,000 annual household income
- Family stability reduces turnover risk
- Total household value: $28,000-$90,000 annually
Common Pitfalls to Avoid at Every Level
Pitfall 1: Overestimating Your Experience Level
The Problem:
Workers with 3 years of experience apply for positions requiring 7+ years, or apprentices apply for journeyman positions.
The Cost:
- Wasted time (3-6 months of rejected applications)
- Damaged reputation with recruiters
- Missed opportunities at appropriate level
- Potential visa denial if qualifications don’t match petition
The Solution:
- Honestly assess your experience and skills
- Apply for positions matching your actual qualifications
- If borderline, apply but acknowledge and emphasize transferable skills
- Consider starting at a lower level with clear advancement path
Financial Impact:
- 6 months of rejected applications: $0 earned
- 6 months in appropriate position: $16,000-$62,500 earned
- Difference: $16,000-$62,500 lost
Pitfall 2: Focusing Only on Salary, Ignoring Package
The Problem:
Candidates compare only base salaries without considering total package value and cost of living.
Example:
Offer A:
- Salary: $72,000
- Package: $35,000
- Location: San Francisco
- Housing cost: $3,500 monthly
- Total first-year value: $107,000
- Annual housing cost (after package): $42,000
- Net value: $65,000
Offer B:
- Salary: $62,000
- Package: $45,000 (18-month housing)
- Location: Texas
- Housing cost: $1,400 monthly
- Total first-year value: $107,000
- Annual housing cost (after package): $8,400 (only 6 months at own expense)
- Net value: $98,600
The Cost:
- Choosing Offer A: $33,600 less net value in first year
- Over 3 years: $60,000-$100,000 less savings
The Solution:
- Calculate total compensation (salary + package)
- Research cost of living in each location
- Calculate net savings potential
- Consider quality of life factors
Pitfall 3: Accepting Verbal Offers Without Written Confirmation
The Problem:
Candidates proceed with visa applications based on verbal promises, only to find the written offer differs significantly.
The Cost:
- Time invested: 2-6 months
- Emotional stress
- Potential financial losses if you quit current job
- Visa application complications
The Solution:
- Request detailed written offer before proceeding
- Ensure offer specifies all package components with dollar amounts
- Verify visa sponsorship commitment in writing
- Have offer reviewed by immigration attorney if possible
Investment: $200-$500 for attorney review
Protection: $10,000-$50,000 in potential losses avoided
Pitfall 4: Neglecting to Build Emergency Fund
The Problem:
Workers spend their entire signing bonus immediately without building financial cushion.
The Cost:
- Vulnerability to unexpected expenses (medical, car repair, etc.)
- Potential debt accumulation
- Financial stress affecting work performance
- Inability to handle housing transition when assistance ends
The Solution:
- Save 50-75% of signing bonus as emergency fund
- Target 3-6 months of expenses ($7,500-$30,000 depending on level)
- Keep emergency fund in high-yield savings account
- Only use for true emergencies
Financial Impact:
- Without emergency fund: $2,000-$8,000 in high-interest debt when emergencies occur
- With emergency fund: $0 debt, peace of mind, $200-$800 in interest earned
Pitfall 5: Failing to Plan for Tax Obligations
The Problem:
Workers don’t understand U.S. tax obligations and face unexpected tax bills.
Key Tax Considerations:
Relocation Package Taxation:
- Signing bonuses are taxable income
- Housing assistance may be taxable (depends on structure)
- Visa fee reimbursements are generally not taxable
Example:
- $15,000 signing bonus
- Taxed at 25-30% effective rate
- Tax owed: $3,750-$4,500
- Net bonus: $10,500-$11,250
The Solution:
- Understand which package components are taxable
- Set aside 25-30% of taxable benefits for tax payment
- Consult with tax professional familiar with expat taxation
- File taxes correctly and on time
Investment: $200-$500 for tax professional
Protection: $1,000-$5,000 in penalties and interest avoided
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I really get a construction visa with no experience, and what package can I expect?
Yes, you can absolutely secure construction visa sponsorship with minimal or no experience, though your package will be at the entry level of the $55,000-$75,000 range.
Realistic Entry-Level Expectations:
With 0-1 Year Experience:
- Base salary: $32,000-$38,000 annually
- Relocation package: $23,000-$27,000
- Total first-year value: $55,000-$65,000
- Positions: General laborer, construction helper, apprentice
With 1-3 Years Experience:
- Base salary: $38,000-$45,000 annually
- Relocation package: $27,000-$30,000
- Total first-year value: $65,000-$75,000
- Positions: Apprentice tradesperson, equipment operator trainee, skilled laborer
Entry-Level Package Breakdown:
$25,000 Relocation Package Example:
- Housing assistance (6 months): $6,000 ($1,000/month)
- Signing bonus: $7,000 (paid in installments)
- Transportation: $4,000 (flight, shipping, local
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